various facets of automating the deployment, op- erations, and scaling of containers across an en- vironment consisting of clusters of host systems can pose significant challenges. Figure 1-1: The cornerstones of modern app development Streamlining modern application development Modern application development requires new thinking, new platforms and tools. Without a CI/CD approach sup- ported by important standards such as Kubernetes, teams will be bogged down in complexity. Therefore, most or- ganizations consider Kubernetes, a standard container orchestration platform, as a good way to meet these chal- lenges. In simple terms, Kubernetes is an open source container orchestration system for automation of the tasks mentioned above and will be covered in greater depth in Chapter 4 of this book. 21

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